![]() ![]() There are a wide array of breads served with meals, including naan, a leavened, oven-baked flatbread and bhatoora, a fried, fluffy flatbread common in North India and eaten with chickpea curry. Much of Indian food is eaten with fingers or bread used as utensils. We do not know for sure as its script has not been unlocked, but it has been proven that the ancient Dravidian civilization was truly vegetarian," wrote Dubey. "India may have been vegetarian during the Mohenjodaro and Harappan civilizations. A tradition of vegetarianism appears to go back to the ancient past. " The Guardian (opens in new tab)" reports that between 20 percent and 40 percent of India's population is vegetarian. Many Hindus are vegetarian, but lamb and chicken are common in main dishes for non-vegetarians. Chutneys - thick condiments and spreads made from assorted fruits and vegetables such as tamarind and tomatoes and mint, cilantro and other herbs - are used generously in Indian cooking. The food is rich with curries and spices, including ginger, coriander, cardamom, turmeric, dried hot peppers, and cinnamon, among others. Wheat, Basmati rice and pulses with chana (Bengal gram) are important staples of the Indian diet. According to its World Factbook, around 80 percent of the population is Hindu, 14.2 percent is Muslim, 2.3 percent is Christian, 1.7 percent is Sikh and 2 percent is unspecified. Christians and Sikhs make up a small percentage of the population, and there are even fewer Buddhists and Jains, according to the "Handbook." There are many variations of Hinduism, and four predominant sects - Shaiva, Vaishnava, Shakteya and Smarta.Ībout 13 percent of Indians are Muslim, making it one of the largest Islamic nations in the world. About 84 percent of the population identifies as Hindu, according to the " Handbook of Research on Development and Religion (opens in new tab)," edited by Matthew Clarke (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013). India is identified as the birthplace of Hinduism and Buddhism, the third and fourth largest religions in the world. "There's been a very long-running debate about whether the Indo-European languages were brought from migrations from outside, which is what most linguists would accept, or if they evolved indigenously." Religion in India "People have been debating the arrival of the Indo-European languages in India for hundreds of years," said study co-author Martin Richards, an archaeogeneticist at the University of Huddersfield in England. New DNA research in 2017 found that an Aryan migration may have introduced the beginnings of Sanskrit. It shares many similarities with English, French, Farsi and Russian languages. How the language started has been a point of argument amongst linguists. Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-European language, came from Northern India. Bengali, Marathi, Telugu Tamil, Gujarati and Urdu are some other languages spoken in the country. Though many people speak Hindi in India, at least 56 percent of Indian residents speak something other than Hindi, according to the CIA. In fact, it is a misconception that the majority of people in India speak Hindi. Many people living in India write in Devanagari script. The Constitution of India officially recognizes 23 official languages. There is no official language in India, according to a Gujarat High Court ruling in 2010 (opens in new tab), though Hindi is the official language of the government and English is considered a subsidiary official language. India has 28 states and seven territories, according to the World Health Organization (opens in new tab). Mumbai is the second largest city in India with 20.67 million people, followed by Kolkata, Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad, all with more than 10 million people.Īccording to Statista, 26.16 percent of India population was under 14-years-old as of 2020, 67.27 were aged 15 to 64 and 6.57 percent were 65 or older. New Delhi is the most populous city in India with a population of 31.18 million people, according to the CIA, second only to Tokyo, Japan for its population size. The ethnic makeup of India, according to the CIA is 72 percent Indo-Aryan (a coverall term for people of largely Central Asian descent) and 25 percent are Dravidian (being largely of South Asian descent).Ībout 35 percent of the population lives in urban areas with an estimated annual rate of a little over 2 percent moving to cities each year. Some estimates, such as those by Statista (opens in new tab), place the population at very nearly 1.4 billion. Today, India is a very diverse country, with more than 1.3 billion people, according to the CIA World Factbook (opens in new tab), making it the second most populous nation in the world after China. ![]()
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